UBUSHAKASHATSI

 
Ubushakashatsi bumaze igihe bwerekanye ko umuntu wa mbere yakomotse muri Afurika hifashishijwe ibisigazwa by'umubiri we na ADN. Ubushakashatsi ku ndimi burerekana ko inkomoko y’indimi nayo iri muri Afurika. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Quentin Atkinson bwerekana ko indimi 60.000 zivugwa ku isi zakomotse ku rurimi rw'abakurambere bo muri Afurika kuva mu myaka 50.000 na 70.000 mbere ya Yezu, nk'uko bivugwa na The Wall Street Journal.

Ubu bushakashatsi buri mu rwego rwo hejuru, nk'uko The New York Times ibitangaza, bwerekana ko nk'uko amagambo ahinduka byihuse, abiga ibyerekeye indimi tutagomba kujya kure mu gihe, kugeza ubu igisekuru cy'ururimi( la généalogie d'une langue ) cyane cyane ku bireba umuryango w'aba indo-européenne (urimo Abafaransa n'Abongereza) zazamutse mu myaka 9.000 ishize.

Atkinson, yarenze uwo mupaka atibanda amagambo ahubwo yiga ibyo bita les phonèmes (bivuga ko yize inyajwi, ibihekane n’ikiboneza mvugo, akaba aribyo bintu byoroshye bidufasha gutandukanya amagambo abiri). Asesenguye indimi 504, Atkinson yabonye ko muri Afurika ariho asanga ikibonezamvugo nyacyo, mu gihe abandi bagerageza baboneka muri Amerika y’Amajyepfo mu birwa byo mu nyanja ya Pasifika. Ni ukuvuga ko uko abaturage bajyaga kure y’umugabane w’Afurika, niko ururimi rwabo rwagendaga ruta ikibonezamvugo.

The Roots (igice cya Slate Group), kibanze cyane kuri ubu bushakashatsi. John McWhorter avuga ko Atkinson yibanze cyane ku ndimi zikoresha urusaku «clics» (ni ukuvuga ijwi rikorwa n’umunwa hatifashishijwe ibihaha).

Ururimi khoïsan ruvugwa muri Afurika y'Amajyepfo (Botswana, Namibia, Afurika y'epfo, Angola yo Hagati) nirwo rwonyine rusigaye rukoresha urusaku nk’ikibonezamvugo muri iki gihe. Icyatumye urusaku ari rwo rwibandwaho muri iyi nyigo, si inshuro rukoreshwa mu rurimi, ahubwo ni uko rukoreshwa gake, usibye ku rurimi khoïsan.

Niba rero urwo rurimi rufite amajwi menshi kuruta izindi ndimi ku isi, ni ukuvuga ko arirwo tugomba gufata nk'intangiriro y'izindi ndimi.